Chawanpaiboon, S. et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: A systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob. Health. 7, e37-46 (2019).
Article
Google Scholar
Delnord, M. et al. International variations in gestational age distribution of births: An ecological study. Eur. J. Public Health 28, 303–309 (2017).
Article
Google Scholar
Richards, J. L. et al. Temporal trends in late preterm and early term birth rates in 6 high-income countries in North America and Europe and association with clinician-initiated obstetric interventions. JAMA 316, 410–419 (2016).
Article
Google Scholar
Isayama, T., Lewis-Mikhael, A. M., O’Reilly, D., Beyene, J. & McDonald, S. D. Health services use by late preterm and term infants from infancy to adulthood: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 140, e20170266. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0266 (2017).
Article
Google Scholar
D’Onorfio, B. M. et al. Preterm birth and mortality and morbidity: A population based quasi-experimental study. JAMA Psychiatr. 70, 1231–1240 (2013).
Article
Google Scholar
Lozano, R. et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380, 2095–2128 (2012).
Article
Google Scholar
Petrou, S., Johnson, S., Wolke, D. & Marlow, N. The association between neurodevelopmental disability and economic outcomes during mid-childhood. Child Care Health Dev. 39, 345–357 (2013).
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Petrou, S., You, H. H. & Kwon, J. Economic consequences of preterm birth: A systematic review of the recent literature (2009–2017). Arch. Dis. Child. 104, 456–465 (2019).
Article
Google Scholar
Aarnoudse-Moens, C. S. H., Weisglas-Kuperus, N., van Goudoever, J. B. & Osterlaan, J. Meta-analysis of neurobehavioral outcomes in very preterm and/or very low birth weight children. Pediatrics 124, 717–728 (2009).
Article
Google Scholar
Alanko, O. et al. Reading and math abilities of Finnish school beginners born very preterm or with very low birth weight. Learn. Individ. Differ. 54, 173–183 (2017).
Article
Google Scholar
Breeman, L. D., Jaekel, J., Baumann, N., Bartmann, P. & Wolke, D. Preterm cognitive function into adulthood. Pediatrics 136, 415–423 (2015).
Article
Google Scholar
Brydges, C. et al. Cognitive outcomes in children and adolescents born very preterm: A meta-analysis. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 60, 452–468 (2018).
Article
Google Scholar
Kovachy, V. N., Adams, J. N., Tamaresis, J. S. & Feldman, H. M. Reading abilities in school-aged preterm children: A review and meta-analysis. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 57, 410–419 (2015).
Article
Google Scholar
Taylor, H. G., Espy, K. & Anderson, P. J. Mathematics deficiencies in children with very low birth weight or very preterm birth. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 15, 52–59 (2009).
Article
Google Scholar
Litt, J. S. et al. Academic achievement of adolescents born with extremely low birth weight. Acta Paed. 101, 1240–1245 (2012).
Article
Google Scholar
Lefebvre, F., Mazurier, É. & Tessier, R. Cognitive and educational outcomes in early adulthood for infants weighing 1000 grams or less at birth. Acta Paed. 94, 733–740 (2005).
Article
Google Scholar
Hack, M. et al. Outcomes in young adulthood for very-low-birth-weight infants. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 149–157 (2002).
Article
Google Scholar
Madzvamuse, S. E., Baumann, N., Jaekel, J., Bartmann, P. & Wolke, D. Neuro-cognitive performance of very preterm or very low birth weight adults at 26 years. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 56, 857–864 (2015).
Article
Google Scholar
Mathiasen, R., Hansen, B. M., Nybo Anderson, A.-M. & Greisen, G. Socio-economic achievements of individuals born very preterm at the age of 27 to 29 years: A nationwide study. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 51, 901–908 (2009).
Article
Google Scholar
Saigal, S. et al. Transition of extremely low-birth-weight infants from adolescence to young adulthood Comparison with normal birth-weight controls. JAMA 295, 667–675 (2006).
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Saavalainen, P. M. et al. School performance of adolescents born preterm: Neuropsychological and background correlates. Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol. 12, 246–252 (2008).
Article
Google Scholar
Allotey, J. et al. Cognitive, motor, behavioural and academic performances of children born preterm: A meta-analysis and systematic review involving 64 061 children. BJOG 125, 16–25 (2018).
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Twilhaar, S. E., de Kieviet, J. F., Aarnoudse-Moens, C. S. H., van Elburg, R. M. & Oosterlaan, J. Academic performance of children born preterm: A meta-analysis and meta regression. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 103, 322–330 (2018).
Article
Google Scholar
McBryde, M., Fitzallen, G. C., Liley, H. G., Taylor, G. & Bora, S. Academic outcomes of school-aged children born preterm: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw. Open. 3, e202027. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2027 (2020).
Article
Google Scholar
Kelly, M. M. Educational implications of preterm birth: A national sample of 8- to 11-year-old children born prematurely and their full-term born peers. J. Pediatr. Health Care 30, 464–470 (2016).
Article
Google Scholar
Gisselmann, M., Koupil, I. & De Stavola, B. L. The combined influence of parental education and preterm birth on school performance. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 65, 764–769 (2011).
Article
Google Scholar
Berry, M. J. et al. Gestational age, health, and educational outcomes in adolescents. Pediatrics 142, e20181016. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-1016 (2018).
Article
Google Scholar
Odd, D., Evans, D. & Emond, A. Preterm birth, age at school entry and educational performance. PLoS ONE 8, e76615. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155157 (2013).
Article
ADS
CAS
Google Scholar
Odd, D., Evans, D. & Emond, A. Preterm birth, age at school entry and long term educational achievement. PLoS One 11, e0155157. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155157 (2016).
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Odd, D., Evans, D. & Emond, A. M. Prediction of school outcome after preterm birth: A cohort study. Arch. Dis. Child. 104, 348–353 (2019).
Article
Google Scholar
Chyi, L. J., Lee, H. C., Hintz, S. R., Gould, J. B. & Sutcliffe, T. L. School outcomes of late preterm infants: Special needs and challenges for infants born at 32 to 36 weeks of gestation. J. Pediatr. 153, 25–31 (2008).
Article
Google Scholar
de Jong, M., Verhoeven, M. & van Baar, A. L. School outcome, cognitive functioning, and behavior problems in moderate and late preterm children and adults: A review. Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med. 17, 163–169 (2012).
Article
Google Scholar
Lipkind, H. S., Slopen, M. E., Pfeiffer, M. R. & McVeigh, K. H. School-age outcomes of late preterm infants in New York. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 206(222), e1-222.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2012.01.007 (2012).
Article
Google Scholar
MacKay, D. F., Smith, G. C. S., Dobbie, R. & Pell, J. P. Gestational age at delivery and special educational need: Retrospective cohort study of 407,503 schoolchildren. PLoS Med. 7, e1000289. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000289 (2010).
Article
Google Scholar
Abel, K. et al. Gestational age at birth and academic performance: Population based cohort study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 46, 324–335 (2017).
Google Scholar
Ahlsson, F., Kaijser, M., Adami, J., Lundgren, M. & Palme, M. School performance after preterm birth. Epidemiology 26, 106–111 (2015).
Article
Google Scholar
Ekeus, C., Lindström, K., Lindblad, F., Rasmussen, F. & Hjern, A. Preterm birth, social disadvantage, and cognitive competence in Swedish 18- to 19-year-old-men. Pediatrics 125, e67–e73 (2010).
Article
Google Scholar
Lindström, K., Winbladh, B., Haglund, B. & Hjern, A. Preterm infants as young adults: A Swedish national cohort study. Pediatrics 120, 70–77 (2007).
Article
Google Scholar
Moster, D., Lie, R. T. & Markestad, T. Long-term medical and social consequences of preterm birth. N. Engl. J. Med. 359, 262–273 (2008).
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bilsteen, J. F., Taylor-Robinson, D., Børch, K., Strandberg-Larsen, K. & NyboAndersen, A. Gestational age and socioeconomic achievements in young adulthood: A Danish population-based study. JAMA Netw. Open. 1, e186085. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6085 (2018).
Article
Google Scholar
Jaekel, J. et al. Mathematical performance in childhood and early adult outcomes after very preterm birth: An individual participant data meta-analysis. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 64, 421–428 (2022).
Article
Google Scholar
Alenius, S. et al. The missing siblings of infants born preterm. Pediatrics 141, e20171354. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1354 (2018).
Article
Google Scholar
Alenius, S. et al. Out-of-home care placements of children and adolescents born preterm: A register-based cohort study. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 34, 38–47 (2019).
Article
Google Scholar
Sankilampi, U., Hannila, M. L., Saari, A., Gissler, M. & Dunkel, L. New population-based references for birth weight, length, and head circumference in singletons and twins from 23 to 43 gestation weeks. Ann. Med. 45, 446–454 (2013).
Article
Google Scholar
Rohrer, J. M., Egloff, B. & Schmukle, S. C. Examining the effects of birth order on personality. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 14224–14229 (2015).
Article
ADS
CAS
Google Scholar
Black, S. E., Devereux, P. J. & Salvanes, K. G. The More the Merrier? The effect of family size and birth order on children’s education. Q. J. Econ. 120, 669–700 (2005).
Google Scholar
Guellec, I. et al. Neurologic outcomes at school age in very preterm infants born with severe or mild growth restriction. Pediatrics 127, e883–e891 (2011).
Article
Google Scholar
Kallankari, H., Kaukola, T., Olsén, P., Ojaniemi, M. & Hallman, M. Very preterm birth and foetal growth restriction are associated with specific cognitive deficits in children attending mainstream school. Acta Paediatr. 104, 84–90 (2015).
Article
Google Scholar
Agresti, A. Logit Models for Multinomial Responses. In Categorical Data Analysis 2nd edn (ed. Agresti, A.) 267–313 (Wiley, 2002).
Chapter
Google Scholar
Yang, H. et al. How does early ultrasound scan estimation of gestational age lead to higher rates of preterm birth?. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 186, 433–437 (2002).
Article
Google Scholar
Official Statistics of Finland (OSF). 11a7—Immigration and emigration by age (5-year), sex and area, 1990–2020. In Migration [e-statistics]. [Updated 2021 May 12]. https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__muutl/statfin_muutl_pxt_11a7.px/. Accessed 6 Apr 2022 (2021).
Official Statistics of Finland (OSF). 12ak—deaths by age (5-year), sex and area, 1990–2020. In Deaths [e-statistics]. [Updated 2021 Apr 23]. https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__kuol/statfin_kuol_pxt_12ak.px/. Accessed 6 Apr 2022 (2021).
Official Statistics of Finland (OSF). 11rc—Population according to age (5-year) and sex, 1865–2021. In Population structure [e-statistics]. [Updated 2022 Mar 31]. https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rc.px/. Accessed 6 Apr 2022 (2021).
Official Statistics of Finland (OSF). Entrance to education [e-publication]. ISSN=1799–4527. 2013. Helsinki: Statistics Finland [Updated 2015 Feb 12]. http://www.stat.fi/til/khak/2013/khak_2013_2015-02-12_tie_001_en.html. Accessed 6 Apr 2022 (2015).
Olofsson, J. & Wadensjö, E. Youth, education and labour market in the Nordic countries. Berlin: FriedrichEbert-Stiftung, International. http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/09468.pdf. Accessed 13 Dec 2021 (2012).
Thorsteinsson, E. B. Bias in grading: A meta-analysis of experimental research findings. Austr. J. Educ. 60, 245–256 (2016).
Article
Google Scholar
Jaekel, J. & Wolke, D. Preterm birth and dyscalculia. J. Pediatr. 164, 1327–1332 (2014).
Article
Google Scholar
Towney Flores, C., Gerstein, A., Phibbs, C. S. & Sanders, L. M. Short-term and long-term educational outcomes of infants born moderately to late preterm. J. Pediatr. 232, 31-37e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.12.070 (2021).
Article
Google Scholar
Leijon, I., Ingemansson, F., Nelson, N., Samuelsson, S. & Wadsby, M. Children with very low birthweight showed poorer reading skills at eight years of age but caught up in most areas in the age of 10. Acta Paediatr. 107, 1937–1945 (2018).
Article
Google Scholar
de Kieviet, J. F., Piek, J. P., Aarnoudse-Moens, C. S. & Oosterlaan, J. Motor development in very preterm and very low-birth-weight children from birth to adolescence: A meta-analysis. JAMA 302, 2235–2242 (2009).
Article
Google Scholar
Svedenkrans, J., Henckel, E., Kowalski, J., Norman, M. & Bohlin, K. Long-term impact of preterm birth on exercise capacity in healthy young men born preterm: A population-based cohort study. PLos One 8, e80869. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080869 (2013).
Article
ADS
CAS
Google Scholar
Andersen, L. G. et al. Birth weight in relation to leisure time physical activity in adolescence and adulthood: Meta-analysis of results from 13 Nordic cohorts. PLoS One 4, 8192. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008192 (2009).
Article
ADS
CAS
Google Scholar
Bilgin, A., Mendonca, M. & Wolke, D. Preterm birth/low birth weight and markers reflective of wealth in adulthood: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 142, e20173625. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3625 (2018).
Article
Google Scholar
Rasberry, C. N. et al. The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance: A systematic review of the literature. Prev. Med. 52, S10–S20 (2011).
Article
Google Scholar
Trudeau, F. & Sephard, R. J. Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 5, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-5-10 (2008).
Article
Google Scholar